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    1. Home
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    4. 2020
    5. ¿Quién puede ser mi dependiente?

    ¿Quién puede ser mi dependiente?

    07 Jul 2020

    ¿Quién puede ser mi dependiente?

    CPA Ali Díaz | Especial para suplementos El Nuevo Día

    Este año, la exención por dependientes toma más importancia, ya que para el 2019 se incorpora el Crédito por Trabajo, el cual se computa, en parte, a base de la cantidad de dependientes que tenga un contribuyente. Para maximizar nuestros beneficios contributivos, veamos las preguntas más comunes. 

    ¿Quién es mi dependiente?

    Se define como un ciudadano americano o extranjero residente de Puerto Rico para el cual cumplimos con las condiciones de sustento, edad e ingreso bruto del dependiente, establecidas en el Código de Rentas Internas. El requisito de sustento queda satisfecho si el dependiente recibió más de la mitad del sustento durante el año por parte del contribuyente. Para cumplir con el requisito de edad, el dependiente debe tener menos de 21 años o más de 65 años. Sin embargo, esta limitación no aplica cuando el dependiente es el padre o madre del contribuyente, tiene alguna incapacidad física o mental, o cuando el dependiente es ciego. El ingreso generado por el dependiente durante el año contributivo debe ser menor de $2,500.

    ¿Cuáles son las excepciones en caso de hijos universitarios?

    Cuando se trata del hijo(a) del contribuyente, y durante el año es considerado estudiante regular a nivel postsecundario en una institución universitaria o técnico profesional, las condiciones de edad y de ingreso bruto son menos restrictivas. Un hijo que es estudiante regular puede ser considerado dependiente si no ha cumplido veintiséis (26) años al cierre del año natural y el límite de ingreso bruto permitido sin perder la exención aumenta de $2,500 a $7,500.

    ¿Cuál es la exención permitida?

    Si se cumplen con las condiciones detalladas arriba, el contribuyente puede tomar $2,500 de exención por cada dependiente en su planilla 2019. Si el dependiente es hijo de padres divorciados con custodia compartida, padres casados radicando planillas por separado o radicando conjunto, pero utilizando anejo CO, la exención permitida a cada padre seria $1,250. El padre con custodia del dependiente puede ceder su porción de la exención al otro padre, y en ese caso tomaría la deducción en su totalidad.

    ¿Qué evidencias debo conservar?

    Cuando tomamos la exención por dependientes que cursan estudios postsecundarios, o que son incapacitados, ciegos, o de 65 años o más de edad, debemos conservar en nuestros archivos la evidencia que permite reclamar dicha exención. Cuando un padre cede su exención al otro padre, el anejo CH se debe completar y será responsabilidad del padre que tomo la exención conservar el anejo en sus evidencias.

    Dependientes y el Crédito por trabajo

    En 2019, la Reforma Contributiva concede un Crédito por trabajo contra la contribución sobre ingresos que va desde $300 a $2,000, sujeto a ciertas limitaciones de residencia, edad, y de total de ingresos ganados. El crédito aumenta a base de los dependientes que sean hijos del contribuyente, residentes de Puerto Rico durante todo el año, y tengan 18 años o menos, excepto en el caso de estudiantes regulares que no deben haber cumplido 26 años al final del año contributivo.  Para tomar el crédito por trabajo el contribuyente no puede haber sido reclamado como dependiente de otro contribuyente.

    Portada

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    Para más información contacte a:

    Ali Díaz
    Ali Díaz
    Partner - Tax
    Puerto Rico
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